James dewar



(No Model.)

J. DEWAR & B. REDWOOD. APPARATUS FOR THE DISTILLATION OP MINERAL OILSAND LIKE PRODUCTS.

0 9 1 8 1 Z 2 TI. L p A d n 6 t N am P l\. 1W I I Nirn STATES PATENTOFFIcE.

JAMES DEVAR, OF CAMBRIDGE, COUNTY OF CAM BRIDGE, AND BOVERTON REDlVOOD,OF FINCIILEY, COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX, ENGLAND.

APPARATUS FOR THE DISTILLATION OF MINERAL OILS AND LIKE PRODUCTS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 426,173, dated April22, 1890.

Application filed September 3, 1889. Serial No. 822,857. (No model.)Patented in England June 24:, 1889, No. 10,277; in France August 30,1889, 110,200,495 in Belgium August 80, 1889, No. 87,570; in SwitzerlandAugust 30, 1889, No. 1,339; in Italy October 1, 1889, L1, 238, and inAustria-Hungary December 27, 1889, No. 37,712 and No, 63,270.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that we, JAMES DEWAR, professor of chemistry, andBovERroNREnwooD, analytical chemist, citizens of Eugland,residing,respectively, atNo. 1 Scroop Terrace, Cambridge, in the countyofCambridge, England, and at Ballards Lane, Finchley,in the county ofHiddlesex, England, have invented new and useful Apparatus for theDistillation of Mineral Oils and like Products, (for which we haveobtained Letters Patent in France, dated August 80, 1889, No. 200,+i95;in Belgium, dated August 80, 1889, No. 87,570; in Switzerland, datedAugust 80, 1889, No. 1,339; in Italy, dated October 1, 1889, Vol. LI,233; in Austria-llungary, dated December 27, 1889, No. 37,712 and No.(53,270, and in Great Britain by an application for patent, which patoutwhen granted will bear date June 24, 1889, N 10,277,) of which thefollowing is a specification.

In distillin mineral. oils-such as natural petroleum or similar oil madefrom shale coal or other bituminous substances-in order to separate thelighter cils, suitable for lamps and other purposes, from the heavieroils there is frequently a very large residue of heavy oil. Attemptshave been made to obtain lighter oils from such residues or from heavynatural. petroleums by causing the vapor generated in the still-boilerto pass a heavilydoaded valve, so that the vaporization takes placeunder considerable pressure. It has also been proposed to arrange thestillboiler with its upper part cooled, so that the less volatileportions of the vapor may become more or less condensed and fall backinto the hot liquid below, this modeof operating being commonly termedcracking. Both these methods are objectionable, the former on account ofthe irregularity of the distillation and the latter on account of thewaste of heat in conducting the cracking process and the slowness andinsufficiency of the results.

Our invention relates to suitable apparatus for a method of conductingthe distillation in such a manner that we get the benefit of regularvaporization and condensation under high pressure, and that we may atthe same time get such advantage as can be otained from cracking, whichmethod is the subject of a patent application of even date herewith, Forthis purpose we arrange a suitable boiler or retort and a condenser infree communication with one another without int-erposing any valvebetween them; but we provide a regulated outlet for condensed liquidfrom the condenser. \Ve charge and keep charged the space in the boileror retort and condenser that is not occupied by liquid with gas underconsiderable pressure-it may be with air, or it may be withcarbonic-acid gas or other gas that cannot act chemically on the mattertreated. The distillation and condensation being thus conducted underconsiderable pressure, which can be regulated at will, we obtain fromthe heavy residue a quantity of more or less light oil, suitable forilluminating and other purposes-such as heating or lubrication--whichcannot be obtained by distillation under atmospheric pressure. lVe mayalso arrange the still-head or upper part of the boiler or retort so asto operate accordin g to the cracking method above referred to, thecracking in this case taking place under high pressure instead of beingcarried on under atmospheric pressure.

The apparatus for effecting distillation in the manner described may bearranged in various ways.

The accompanying drawings show one form of apparatus for this purpose.

Figure 1 is a longitudinal, and Fig. 2 is a transverse, section. Fig. 3is a sectional plan on the line X X. of Fig. 1.

A is a fire-place, with fire-door A and ashpit door A suited forregulating admission of air as required.

Instead of a fire-place with grate for burning solid fuel, any knownburners for liquid or gaseous fuel may be employed.

Above the combustion-chamber B is placed a metal retort C, which isinclosed within a refractory casing C to protect the metal fromexcessive local heating. The incased retort is situated in aheating-chamber B, into which the hot products of combustion ascend byside ports 13*, and from which they pass by central ports 13 into a fiueB communicating with a ated in a tank D, in which circulation of wateris maintained. The upper end of the coil D communicates by a pipe withthe stillhead C and its lower end opens into a hollow column D which isprovided with a glass gage D and has at the bottom an outlet-pipe D,furnished with a stop cook or valve. E is a pump for forcing the oil tobe treated by a pipe E into the retort 0, this pipe preferably extendingnearly to the farther end of the retort. By another pipe E furnishedwith a cook or valve, the contents of the retort can be drawn oif, orthis pipe may communicate with a second retort, which in like manner maybeconnected with a third, so as to form a series of any required number.F is an aircompressing pump, by which air or suitable gas is forced by apipe F into the still-head C, or it might be into any other part of theapparatus which is in communication with the still-head. The retort Gbeing partly charged with oil by the pump E, and the spaces in theretort G in the still-head O and in the condensing-coil D and column Dbeing charged with air or gas to the desired pressure, the retort isheated, vaporizing the oil under pressure. The oil-vapor is condensed inpassing through the coil D, and the liquid distillate collects in thecolumn D and is drawn off, either continuously or intermittently, intosuitable receptacles, in which such gas as may be dissolved in theliquid is liberated and can be collected.

By a pipe and cook or a suitably-loaded safety valve D gas may bewithdrawn from the space above the liquid in the column D Although wehave shown one retort and condenser, there may be several sets of thesein communication with the oil and gas pumps or with each other, suitablecocks or valves being provided in the communicating pipes, so that theseveral retorts may be worked simultaneously or in rotation. From timeto time the cover C of the retort may be removed to clear out residue.During the dis tillation such of the Vapor as may becondensed in thestill-head C or such liquid as may prime up into the still-head flowsback into the body of liquid in the retort. By regulating the heat andpressure to which the retort is subjected the character of thedistillate may be varied, and thus oils more or less light can beobtained to suit various uses;

also, the proportions of the parts may be varied, and, if necessary,means of cooling may be applied to the still-head C Having thusdescribed the nature of our invention and the manner of carrying thesame into effect, we claim-- f In an apparatus for distilling oil, thecombination of the retort C, the still-head O in free communication withthe retort, the con- 7o denser D, in free communication with thestill-head and provided with a regulated outlet, the oil-pump E, havinga pipe E, leading into the retort and extending nearly its full length,and the air-compressin g pump F, hav- 7 5 ing a pipe F, communicatingwith the stillhead, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof we have signed our names to this specification, inthe presence of two subscribing witnesses, this 13th day of August, A.D. 1889.

JAMES DEXVAR. BOVERTON RED\VOOD. lVitnesses: OLIVER IMRAY, Patent Agent,28 Southampton Buildings, London, W. O.

J NO. P. M. MiLLARD, Clerk to lllessrs. Abe-l d2 Ionmg, ConsultingEngineers and Patent Agents, 28 Southampton Buildings, London, VV. 0.

